stā- : stǝ-

    stā- : stǝ-

    English meaning: to stand

    Deutsche Übersetzung: ‘stehen, stellen”

    Note: reduplicated si-stü-, extended stüi- : stī̆ -, stüu- : stū̆ - and st-eu-

    Material: A. O.Ind. tiṣṭhati, Av. hištaiti, ap. 3. sg. Impf. a-ištata ‘stehn” (: Lat. sistō, Ir. - sissiur; athematic still Gk. ἵστημι, during late O.H.G. sestōn “disponere” from dem romO.N. Ital. assestüre “ bring in order “ borrowed is), Aor. O.Ind. á-sthü-m (= Gk. ἔστην), perf. tasthǘ u, tasthimá, tasthivas-; Gk. ἵστημι (Dor. ἵστᾱμι) ‘stelle”, Aor. ἔστην, perf. ἕστηκα, ἕσταμεν, ἑσταώς (ἐπί-σταμαι “verstehe” probably neologism after Aor. ἐπι-σταίμην, ἐπι- στάμενος); ἱστός “Mastbaum, the senkrechte Weberbaum, Gewebe”; Av. ap. stüya- ‘stellen; Med. sich stellen”; Lat. sistō ‘stelle”, Umbr. sestu ‘sistō”, volsk. sistiatiens ‘statuērunt”; O.Ir. tair-(ś)issiur ‘stehe, bleibe stand”, ar-sissedar “insistitur, innititur”, fo-sissedar “tritt ein for” (sessam “das Stehen”, sessed ds. etc.); Lat. stō (stüre, stetī) = Umbr. stahu ‘stehe”, *stü-i̯ō; altLat. probably also trans. ‘stellen”; Osc. staít (*stai̯ei̯eti) ‘stat” pl. stahínt, eestínt (*ēstai̯ ei̯ ent) “extant”; O.Ir. ad-tüu, -tō “I befinde mich, bin” (*stü-i̯ō), 3. sg. (ad)-tü = Welsh taw “daß es is” from *stü-t, unpersönl. Passiv tüthar “man is (mad, wicked, evil)”from *stü-to-ro (?), M.Welsh Impersonale ny-mdawr “es kũmmert mich nicht”, Corn. ny-m-deur (*tü-ro-) “I will not”; O.Ir. ness- (*ni-stü-) “niedertreten” in com-ness- ds., “verurteilen”, dī-ness “ despise “, to-ness- “betreten”, arossa “erwartet” (*are-uks-stü-); assae “light to tun” from *ad-stü-i̯o- “adponendus”;

    Note: Maybe Alb. stan “winter station for animals” from med.L stantia f. L stant- pres. ppl stem of stare to stand. O.S. O.H.G. stün, stēn ‘stand”; Reimwortbildungen to gēn, gün “go” (see 419); with textension: preterit Goth. stōÞ, O.Ice. stōð, O.S. stōd, O.H.G. stuot (mostly stuont after dem present) “I stand”, wherefore with present nasalization Goth. O.S. standan, O.Ice. standa, O.E. stondan, O.H.G. stantan ‘stand”; in addition O.H.G. stanta “Kũbel, Kufe” and with neuem ablaut O.Ice. stund “time(punkt), while, hour, length”, O.E. stund f. “bestimmte time, hour, Mal”, O.S. stunda “time(punkt)”, O.H.G. stunta ds., LateM.H.G. also “hour”; Lith. stóju (*stüi̯ ō), stóti “tread”, O.C.S. *stajǫ, stati ‘sich stellen”, stojǫ stojati (*stǝi̯ ēti) ‘stand”; Toch. В ste “is”, 3. pl. stare. B. IE n-present *stǝ-nü- in Av. fra-stanvanti ‘sie come voran”, Arm. stanam “erstehe, erwerbe”, Gk. Cret. στανύω ‘stelle” (neologism Gk. ἱστάνω); Lat. prae-stinüre “den Preis vorher feststellen, buy”, dēstinüre “festmachen, festsetzen, fest beschließen” (dēstina “pad”), obstinüre “auf etwas bestehen”; Alb. shtonj “vermehre” (“*stelle, staple auf”); O.C.S. stanǫ (Inf. stati) “werde mich stellen, tread”; O.Pruss. postünimai “wir become”, postüt “become”, stünintei ‘stehend”; Toch. В stäm- ‘stand”; compare also die nouns with nformant. C. root-nouns as 2. composition parts: O.Ind. ni-ṣṭhǘ- “hervorstehend, -ragend”, pari-ṣṭhǘ- “(*herumstehend =) hemmend”, f. “ hindrance “, pr̥thivi-ṣṭhü- (and -ṣṭhá-) “auf dem Boden stehend, fest auftretend”, rathē-ṣṭhǘ- “auf dem cart stehend, kämpfend” = Av. raϑaē-štü- “warrior”; Gk. θέμις, -στος “right, law “ (originally Göttername “die fest and unverbrũchlich Stehende”, *θεμί-στᾱ), Gk. μετανάστης “wer seinen ursprũnglichen Wohnsitz through Aufstehen, Wegzug verändert hat”; O.Ir. hiress “faith, belief” (prefix*[p]eri + stü). D. -st-o-: O.Ind. e.g. prati-ṣṭhá- ‘standing firm” (-ṣṭhü f. ‘stillestehen, Beharren”), duḥ-stha- = Gk. δύσ[σ]τος “δύστηνος”, bala-stha- “in voller Kraft stehend” under likewise; Subst. prastha- m. “Bergebene” (“hervorstehend”) = O.Ir. ross “ foreland, promontory, wood, forest”, M.Bret. ross “hill”, Welsh rhos “moor, fen”; Maybe Alb. (rhi) rri ‘stand” O.C.S. adj. ‘straight, schlicht, simple, just”; O.Ind. pr̥-ṣṭhá- n. “back” etc. (see 813); Gk. παστός “Bettvorhang” (compare with d-suffix Gk. παραστάς, παστάς etc. in the same place); O.Ind. gōṣ ṭ há - m. n. “Kuhstall”, bhayá-stha- m. n. “gefahrvolle Lage”, O.H.G. ewi-st m. “ sheepfold, Schafhũrde”, O.Ice. nau-st n. ‘schuppen for Schiffe, Schiffshaus”; Alb. breshtë, bresht f. “Tannenwald” (: brē “fir”) under likewise; altIllyr. Tergeste, Λαδεστα, -στον etc.; O.Ind. tri-ṣṭhá- “auf drei Unterlagen stehend”, Osc.trstus “testes” (tristaamentud “testamento”), Lat. (to. i-stem geworden) testis (*tri-sto-) “wer as dritter, as Zeuge by zwei Streitenden steht”, O.Ir. tress- “dritter”; Lat. caelestis “incaelo stationem habens” (originally o-stem, compare ἅπαξ λεγ. Veneris caelestae), agrestis “ländlich”; Lith. atstùs “afar” (: atstóti ‘sich entfernen”; of Adverb atstù = instr. auf -ṓ derive ), Ltv. nuô-st adv. “weg, hinweg, fort”; Lat. praestō “gegenwärtig, da, zur Hand, to Diensten”;praestōlarī “bereitstehen” probably from *praestōdürī; as IE *st[ǝ]ti-s with in the Komposition reduced ǝ are whereas aufzufassen: O.Ind. pr̥-ṣṭi- f. “back” etc. (see 813 Withte) and prati-ṣṭhi- “Widerstand”; Gk. ἔξαστις “from dem Gewebe vorstehender Faden” (*ἔξ-αν-στις), κατ” ἄντηστιν “compared with” (*αντην-στι- ); Lith. dim-stis “ courtyard, courtyard, blessing”. E. nouns with Dental-suffixes: 1. Lat. super-stes, anti-stes (*stǝ-t-); 2. participle O.Ind. sthitá- ‘stehend” (Av. stüti- ‘stehend” with geneuerter = renamed, has changed?? lengthened grade), Gk. στατός “ placed, stehend”, Lat. (Osc.-volsk.) status “ placed “; O.Ir. fossad “tight, firm”, Welsh gwastad “planus, constans, aequus” (*upo-statos); O.Ice. staðr “zum Stehen geneigt, stätig” (esp. from horses) derivative M.H.G. stetec ds.; O.H.G. stata f. “bequemer Ort or Zeitpunkt, help”, Ger. zustatten; O.H.G. gistatōn “gute Gelegenheit give, gestatten”, O.Ice. steðja ‘stellen, bestätigen, gestatten”, M.L.G. steden ds., O.E. stæÞÞan “zum Stehen bringen”; Lith. stataũ, -ūti ‘stellen”; 3. Alb. mështet, pshtet ‘stũtze, lehne an”, fstetem “bleibe” (to Verbaladj. *stǝ-to-); 4. O.Ind. sthíti- f. “das Stehen, Stand, Bestand”, Av. stüti- ‘stehen, Aufstellung”; Gk. στάσις, -εως “ position, Stand; Aufstand” (στατικός, στάσιμος); Lat. statim “during of Stehens, stehend”; Maybe abbreviated and prefixed Alb. mbë-shtim ‘standing”, klass. “auf the Stelle”, statiō = Osc. statíf ‘standort”, Goth. staÞs m. (i-stem), O.Ice. staðr m., O.H.G. stat f. “place, site, Stadt”, O.E. stede, styde f. “das Stehen, Stehenbleiben, site” (compare also O.N. en-stem steði m., gen. steðja “Amboß” from *staÞjan-, actually ‘ständer”); zero grade Av. stüiti- ‘stehen, Stand, Aufstellung”, O.C.S. postatь “ determination “, Inf. Lith. stóti, Ltv. stüt, O.Pruss. stüt, O.C.S. stati ‘sich stellen, tread”; Lat. status, -ūs “das Stehen, position, Stand”, statuō, -ere “hin-, aufstellen”, Umbr. statita ‘statūta”; Bret. steut, Welsh ystawd “Garben” (*stü-tü), Bret. steudenn “ spigot, nail” (*stü-t-), Loth RC. 43, 154 f.; Lith. statùs ‘stehend, steil”, Goth. staÞa dat., O.S. stath m., O.H.G.stad, stado m. “Landungsort, bank, border, shore, seashore”; O.Ice. stǫð f. “Landungsort, position “, stǫðva “zum Stehen bringen” (*staÞwō(n), compare Lat. statu-s, -ere); staði “Heustapel in the barn” (= M.L.G.stade “place, where die Ernte aufgehäuft wird”). 5. with dh-suffix: Welsh an-sawdd “das Festmachen”, O.Ir. südud (*stüdh-ī-tu-) ds.; O.Ice. stōð n. ‘standort, herd from Stuten with one or mehreren Hengsten”, O.E. stōd n. “ herd of horses “, M.L.G. stōt (-d-) f. “Einzäunung for Pferde, herd from Zuchtpferden”, O.H.G. stuot f. “herd from Zuchtpferden”, also “mare”, Ger. Stute; O.Ice. (e.g. hug-) stø̄ ðr ‘standing firm, tight, firm” (rather IE t because of Goth. ungastoÞai “ohne festen Stand”; t or dh with analog. ablaut ē: O.H.G. stüti “tight, firm, dauerhaft, stet”, M.L.G. stēde “tight, firm, beständig”); Kaus. Goth. ana-, du-stōdjan “begin”, O.Ice.stø̄ ða “zum Stehen bringen”; with Gmc. *stōÞia- lautet ab Lith. stãčias ‘stehend”; Lith. statìnė “big, giant Holzwanne”; 6. O.Ind. sthütar- “Lenker”, sthütr̥ n. “das Stehende”, Lat. stütor; Gk. στατήρ, -ῆρος “ein Gewicht and eine Mũnze”; *st[ǝ]-ter with reduction of ǝ in compound, perhaps in O.Ind. savya(ē)-ṣṭhar- “the links stehende Wagenkämpfer”, Av. raϑaē-štar- “warrior, Kriegsheld” (as raϑaē-štü-, see above; perhaps but reshuffling from -ṣṭhü after den nouns agentis auf - tar); 7. Lat. obstüculum “ hindrance “ n.; Welsh cystadl “equivalent”, distadl “wertlos” (*stǝ-tlo- ); O.Ice. stǫðull m. “Melkplatz, Senne” = O.E. staÞol “base, position, place”, O.S. stathal “ position “, M.L.G. stadel “barn”, O.H.G. stadal ‘stand, Kornscheuer”, Ger. (sũddt.) Stadel, older Dan. stedel “ground, Hofstätte”; Lith. stãklės pl. “loom”; Lith. stãklė “picket, pole”, Ltv. staklis “ds. prong, spike, pinnacle, fork “, O.Pruss. stakle “pad” (with kl from tl). 8. with formants -dhlo-: Lat. stabulum ‘standort, abode, residence; lair of wild animal, stall” (prōstibulum “Ding zum öffentlich Ausstehen, Dirne”, naustibulum ‘schiffstandort, vessel in Schiffsform”), stabilis ‘standing firm, steadfast”, Umbr. staflarem ‘stabulürem”, Osc. staflatas-set ‘statutae sunt”, pälign. pri-stafalacirix “*praestibulütrix, antistita”; vereinzeltere Dentalableitungen: -dh- in Gk. σταθμός, mostly pl. σταθμά ‘stand, Standort, Gewicht”, σταθερός ‘stehend, unbeweglich, tight, firm”; -d- in στάδιος ‘stehend, unbeweglich, stiff, zugewogen”, στάδην ‘stehend”, ἀπο-σταδόν “fern abstehend”. 9. with l-formant: Welsh cystal “ just as well “ (*kom-sta-lo-); Goth. stōls “throne”, O.H.G. stuol, O.E. stōl, O.N.stōll ‘stuhl”, Lith. pastõlai “Gestell for Bienenkörbe”, zero grade O.C.S. stolъ “throne, seat”, in den neuern Slav. Spr. ‘stuhl” or “table, desk”. 10. with m-formant: O.Ind. sthǘ man- n. ‘standort, power “; Gk. στήμων m., στήμεναι ‘stand”, Lat. stümen n. “Aufzug am aufrecht stehenden loom, etc.”, Umbr. dat. stahmei ‘statiōni”; stahmito ‘statūtum”; O.Ir. sessam “das Stehen” (*si-stü-mu-), foessam “ protection” (*upo-si-sta-mu-) = M.Welsh gwaessaw “Garantie”; Goth. stōma “ὑπόστασις, foundation, Stoff”; Lith. stomuõ, -eñs ‘statur”; Russ. stamík ‘stũtzbalken”; Gk. στάμνος “crock, pitcher”, σταμῖν-ες pl. ‘ständer, Seitenbalken”; Welsh cysefin “erster” (*kentu-stamīno-); M.Ir. samaigim ‘stelle”, Welsh sefyll, Corn. sevell ‘stand”, Bret. sévell (*stamili̯o-) “erect, to build” (besides with Celt. t O.Ir. tamun “tree truck”; O.H.G. stam, stammes ‘stem” etc. seems Verquikkung eines related *stamna- with a staƀna-, s. *steb- “Pfosten”); Toch. A ṣtüm, В stüm “tree”; but O.H.G. ungistuomi “ boisterous “ to stem- “hemmen”, see there. 11. with n-formant (compare die Präsensbildungen with n): O.Ind. sthǘ na- n., Av. ap. stüna- n. ‘standort, place”, Pers. sitün, Gk. δύσ-[σ]τηνος, Dor. δύστᾱνος “(in schlechtem Zustande) unlucky “, ἄστηνος ds., Lith. stónas ‘stand”, O.C.S. stanъ ‘stand, lair “, Alb. shtuarë ‘stehend”, shtorazë “erect” (*stü-no-di̯o-, compare to dsuffix Gk. ἀποσταδόν etc.), shtâzë, shtėzë “Vieh” (*stan-zë). Maybe Alb. stan “animal stall”, (*status), shtat ‘standing body”, shtyj “push (pushing animal)”, shtie “kill (an animal)”. Alb. suggests that Root stü- : stǝ- : (to stand) derived from Root sed- : (to sit). 12. with r-formants: O.Ind. sthirá- “tight, firm, unbeweglich”; Lith. stóras “thick, umfangreich” (actually ‘stämmig”), O.C.S. starъ “old” (“*stämmig” in contrast zur zarteren Jugend), O.N. stōrr “big, large”, O.S. stōri “big, large, illustrious”, O.E. stōr “vast, grand”; 13. with dem i̯ from *stü-i̯ō other formations: O.Ind. jala-sthüya- m. “ water container, water carrier “, sthüyin- ‘stille stehend, verweilend, stetig” under likewise, sthēmá n- m. “Festigkeit, tranquility, duration” (*sthayiman-). F. st(h)üu-: st(h)ū-: Lith. stóviu, -e t́ i ‘stand” (Memel staú nu), stovà “place”, stõvis ‘state, status”, stovus̀ ‘stehend (of water)”, Ltv. stãvu, stãvêt ‘stand”, stãvus ‘stehend, erect”;stãvs ‘steil”, stüvs ‘shape”, stüvi, stüve “loom”; O.C.S. staviti ‘stellen”, stavъ ‘stand, Gefũge”; O.E. stōw, O.Fris. stō f. “place”, O.Ice. eld-stō “Feuerstätte”; Goth. stōjan “richten” (perhaps *stōwjan : O.C.S. staviti), staua f. “court” (*stōwō), staua m. “judge”, O.E. stōwian “ restrain “, Eng. stow ‘stauen”, O.H.G. M.H.G. stouwen (*stawjan) “(au) wail; (scheltend) gebieten; Refl. sich stauen”, Ger. stauen; with ū: O.H.G. stūatago “Gerichtstag”, stūan “anklagen, scold, chide, hemmen”, M.L.G. stūwen (= stouwen, stōwen) ‘stauen”, etc.; with gradation stōu-: Gk. *στωF-ός “ column “ in Att. στοιά, στοά (*στωFι̯ᾱ), Eol. στωΐα ‘säulenhalle”, στωΐδιον Dimin., στωικός “zur Schule the Stoa gehörig”, στώμιξ δοκὶς ξυλίνη Hes.; zero grade: O.Ind. sthūṇ ü “ column “ (mind. n̥ from n), Av. stū̆ na, stunü “ column “; Gk. στύ̄ω ‘steife, richte empor”, Med. “bin steil aufgerichtet”, στῦμα n. “erectio penis”, στύμος στέλεχος, κορμός; στῦλος m. “ column, stylus”, στύραξ “das untere end the Lanze”; O.Ice. stūmi “a giant “; M.H.G. stūnende “widersetzlich”, Ger. staunen as ‘starr blicken”; keine evidence for diese ablaut grade are whereas die u-stem O.Ind. su-ṣṭhú adv. “good, beautiful”, anu-ṣṭhú, anu-ṣṭhuyǘ “immediately, right away”; with t-forms in addition: O.Ice. stoð (pl. stoðir, støðr, steðr) f. “pad, Pfosten, Unterstũtzung”, O.E. stuðu, studu f. “pad, Pfosten”, M.H.G. stud f. ds., O.Ice. stuðill m.ds., M.H.G. studel “Pfosten, Turpfosten”; O.Ice. styðja “prop, support”, O.H.G. studen “ belay, statuere”, O.Ice. stoða “ support, help”; with intens. consonant stretch: M.L.G. stutten “(under-)prop, support”, O.H.G. (under)stutzen, Ger. (under)stũtzen ; also O.H.G. stūda ‘staude”; Ltv. stute, stuta “Reis, rod”; reduced grade stǝu-: Gk. σταυρός “picket, pole” = O.Ice. staurr “picket, pole” (ablaut. Nor. dial.styr, styrja “long shaft, pole, steife person”); Lat. in: instaurüre “instand place” (originally from Stangen, Ständern beim Bau), restaurüre “wiederinstandsetzen”. G. st-eu-, st-eu̯ǝ- “massiv, tight, firm, thick, breit” (Gmc. stiura see below) as ‘standsicher, standing firm” in O.Ind. sthüvará - “thick, standing firm, beständig” (latter meaning and die Vokallänge perhaps through support in sthü- ‘stand”), sthávira- “breit, thick, strong, dense, old”, (or after dem compounds Sup. erfolgter replacement for:) O.Ind. sthūrá -, sthūlá - “thick” = Av. stūra- “umfangreich, strong” (Kompositionsform stūi-, stvi-, i.e. *stuvi-), compar. superl. O.Ind. sthávīyas-, Av.staoyü̊ “the Umfangreichere, Stärkere, Größere”, O.Ind. stháviṣṭha-, Av. stüvišta- “the Stärkste, Derbste, Gröbste”, O.Ind. stháviman- n. “Breite”, Av. stavah- n. “thickness, fatness, Starke”; Arm. stvar “thick” (*stuu̯ar-); aschw. stūr “big, large” (besides stōr, see above), stȳras “brag”, M.L.G. stūr “big, large, strong, heavy; störrisch, coarse, unfreundlich” (compare O.Ind. ni-ṣṭhura- “rough, hard, coarse”, ni-ṣṭhūrin- “coarse, raw”), O.Ice. stūra “Dũsterheit”, Vb. “ grieving sein” (nschw. stūra ‘starr hinsehen” in the meaning after the family of Ger. stieren umgeändert), zero grade O.H.G. stiuri ‘strong, stately, stout, proud”; with other English meaning: O.H.G. stiura, M.H.G. stiure “pad, rudder, helm, Unterstũtzung, tax”, Ger. Steuer f. and (from dem Nd.) n., O.E. stēor f. “ rudder, helm “, O.Ice. stȳri n. “ rudder, helm “, M.L.G. stũr(e) n. “ rudder, helm “, f. n. “Regierung; help, Ghegenwehr”, f. “Unterstũtzung”, Goth. us-stiurei “Zũgellosigkeit”, M.L.G. unstǖre ds., Goth. stiurjan “feststellen, affirm “, Ger. zur Steuer der Wahrheit , O.Ice. stȳra “ein ship steuern; regieren”, O.E. stīeran ds., O.H.G.stiurren “prop, support, steuern, lenken”; probably originally “picket, pole, rudder, helm (secondary: with it prop, support, lenken)”, with O.Ice. staurr, Gk. σταυρός (see above) under *stēu-ro- : *stǝu̯ -ro- compatible, das from *st(h)üunot quite apart, separated become could; to O.Ind. sthūrá - etc. stellt sich probably IE steu-ro- “bull (and anderes cattle)”: Av. staora- “cattle”, M.Pers. stōr “ draft animal, steed”, Goth. stiur m. ‘stierkalb, bull” (after W. Schulze Kl. Schr. 483 = O.Ind. sthávira-); O.H.G. stior, O.E. stēor, O.Ice. stiōrr (besides Þjōrr) “bull”.

    References: WP. II 603 ff., WH. I 343 f., 705 f., Trautmann 280 ff., Vasmer 3, 2 ff.